{"id":6310,"date":"2021-12-14T08:29:21","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T08:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heloa.app\/blog\/non-classe\/hormones-sexuelles-avant-vie-adulte"},"modified":"2024-10-08T04:19:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T02:19:10","slug":"hormones-sexuelles-avant-vie-adulte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heloa.app\/fr\/blog\/parents\/sante\/hormones-sexuelles-avant-vie-adulte","title":{"rendered":"Hormones sexuelles avant la vie adulte"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"les-hormones-sexuelles-chez-l-enfant\">Les hormones sexuelles chez l\u2019enfant<\/h2><p>Avant la pubert\u00e9, deux phases d\u2019activation de l\u2019axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire se produisent :<\/p><ul><li>Chez le foetus, o\u00f9 la diff\u00e9renciation sexuelle (fille ou gar\u00e7on) concourt au d\u00e9veloppement du capital folliculaire chez la fille.<\/li><\/ul><p>Le capital folliculaire repr\u00e9sente le stock variable d\u2019ovocytes (contenant les ovules) chez la femme. Il atteint les 7 millions de follicules au stade foetal et ne cessera de d\u00e9cro\u00eetre avec l\u2019avanc\u00e9e en \u00e2ge (1 million \u00e0 la naissance, 300 000 \u00e0 la pubert\u00e9, 25 000 \u00e0 la quarantaine, 500 en p\u00e9riode de pr\u00e9-<a href=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/fr\/blog\/parents\/sante\/hormones-et-menopause\">m\u00e9nopause<\/a>). Cette notion de capital folliculaire est importante car elle joue un r\u00f4le tout au long de la vie d\u2019une femme.*<\/p><ul><li>\u00c0 la naissance de l\u2019enfant, on assiste \u00e0 la disparition des oestrog\u00e8nes maternels absorb\u00e9s au cours de sa vie intra-ut\u00e9rine, pr\u00e9sents dans le placenta. Il n\u2019y a plus de r\u00e9trocontr\u00f4le sur le complexe hypothalamo-hypophysaire, ce qui provoque une \u00e9l\u00e9vation de LH et de FSH : c\u2019est la crise g\u00e9nitale du nouveau-n\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul><p>La crise g\u00e9nitale du nouveau-n\u00e9 est caract\u00e9ristique des petites filles. Elle se produit dans les 10 premiers jours suivant l\u2019accouchement. Elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la perte fr\u00e9quente de sang ou de liquide brun, un peu comme lors de la menstruation. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ne dure que quelques jours.<\/p><p>Pendant toute l\u2019enfance, on ne note aucune autre activit\u00e9 relative aux <a href=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/fr\/blog\/parents\/sante\/role-hormones-sexuelles\">hormones sexuelles<\/a>.<\/p><h2 id=\"les-hormones-sexuelles-chez-l-adolescent\">Les hormones sexuelles chez l\u2019adolescent <\/h2><p>La pubert\u00e9 correspond \u00e0 l\u2019activation de l\u2019axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire. Son m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9clenchement est encore mal connu aujourd\u2019hui.**<\/p><p>N\u00e9anmoins, plusieurs hypoth\u00e8ses sont avanc\u00e9es par la communaut\u00e9 scientifique en ce sens :<\/p><ul><li>Notre code g\u00e9n\u00e9tique (influence des parents) : il comporte des informations relatives au d\u00e9clenchement de l\u2019axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire ;<\/li><li>Notre horloge biologique ;<\/li><li>La croissance osseuse et musculaire : \u00e0 partir d\u2019une certaine taille et d\u2019un certain poids, il va y avoir une r\u00e9activation de la production de Gn-RH par l\u2019hypothalamus ;<\/li><li>Le taux d\u2019hormone de croissance (GH) : il augmente progressivement au cours de l\u2019enfance ;<\/li><li>Les facteurs environnementaux comme la nutrition : par exemple, lorsque l\u2019on souffre d\u2019anorexie, il y a un r\u00e9trocontr\u00f4le de l\u2019axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire, un blocage de production de LH et de FSH et donc pas de production de testost\u00e9rone et d\u2019oestrog\u00e8nes. <\/li><\/ul><p>La pubert\u00e9 se d\u00e9clenche en moyenne \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 10 ans chez les filles et 12 ans chez les gar\u00e7ons. C\u2019est une p\u00e9riode marqu\u00e9e par des changements au niveau :<\/p><ul><li>G\u00e9nital :<\/li><\/ul><p>On assiste au d\u00e9veloppement des caract\u00e8res sexuels secondaires. L\u2019\u00e9chelle de Tanner classifie en 5 stades les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de la pubert\u00e9 : de I (stade pr\u00e9pub\u00e8re) \u00e0 V (stade adulte). L\u2019\u00e9chelle de Tanner permet de rendre compte du d\u00e9veloppement de la pilosit\u00e9 pubienne, des testicules et du p\u00e9nis chez l\u2019homme, et des <a href=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/fr\/blog\/parents\/post-partum\/le-role-des-seins\">seins<\/a> chez la femme.<\/p><figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/echelle-tanner.png\" class=\"kg-image\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1254\" height=\"822\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 720px) 720px\"><\/figure><p><strong><em>Figure 3 : \u00c9chelle de Tanner (source image : Wikip\u00e9dia)<\/em><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Corporel :<\/li><\/ul><p>Sous l\u2019influence de l&rsquo;oestradiol (oestrog\u00e8nes), le gain statural passe d\u2019environ 5 cm par an pendant l\u2019enfance \u00e0 7 \u00e0 9 cm par an au cours de l\u2019adolescence. La croissance osseuse progresse jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat de fusion des cartilages. L\u2019\u00e9tat de fusion des cartilages marque donc la fin de la croissance. <\/p><ul><li>Psychique :<\/li><\/ul><p>La pubert\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 l\u2019on note une modification de la personnalit\u00e9 et du comportement. C\u2019est le d\u00e9but de la construction de son identit\u00e9 personnelle et sexuelle. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un long processus, d\u2019une dur\u00e9e moyenne de 6 ans.<\/p><p>*Barriga-Pooley Patricio et Brantes-Glavic Sergio. Normal Menstrual Cycle. 2018. DOI: 10.5772\/intechopen.79876<\/p><p>**M.C Lebrethon et al. Les m\u00e9canismes du d\u00e9clenchement pubertaire : signaux p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, hypothalamiques et environnementaux. Act. M\u00e9d. Int. &#8211; M\u00e9tabolismes &#8211; Hormones &#8211; Nutrition, Volume V, n\u00b03, mai-juin 2001<\/p><p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/blog\/role-hormones-sexuelles\/\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;influence des hormones sexuelles sur notre corps<\/a><\/em><\/p><p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/heloa.app\/blog\/hormones-et-grossesse\/\">En savoir plus l&rsquo;\u00e9volution hormonale au cours de la grossesse<\/a><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quel est le r\u00f4le des hormones sexuelles chez l&rsquo;enfant, puis chez l&rsquo;adolescent au moment de la pubert\u00e9 ? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","rank_math_title":"Hormones sexuelles avant la vie adulte - R\u00f4le chez l'enfant et l'adolescent","rank_math_description":"Quel est le r\u00f4le des hormones sexuelles chez les enfants et les adolescents lors de la pubert\u00e9 ? D\u00e9couvrez les changements hormonaux \u00e0 cette \u00e9tape de la vie.","rank_math_focus_keyword":"hormones sexuelles","rank_math_primary_category":724,"ilj_linkdefinition":["hormones sexuelles"],"footnotes":""},"categories":[724,651],"tags":[63,491,487,490,488,489,492,64],"class_list":["post-6310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante-parents","category-parents","tag-my_body","tag-adolescence","tag-article-scientifique","tag-enfance","tag-hormones","tag-hormones-sexuelles","tag-puberte","tag-reappropriation-du-corps"],"acf":{"prestation_table":"","technical_table":"","nom_professionnel":"","numero_telephone":"","convention_cas":"","contrat_acces_aux_soins":"","sesam_vitale":"","coordonnees":"","adresse":"","profession":"","numero_rpps":"","profession_description":"","commune":"","departement":"","prenom":"","origine":"","date_fete":"","signification_etymologie":"","histoire_origine_prenom":"","personne_celebre":"","age_moyen":"","prenoms_derives":"","prenoms_composes":"","naissances_2024":"","genre":"","prenoms_taxonomy":"","region_stats":"","evolution_naissances":""},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":724,"label":"Sant\u00e9"},{"value":651,"label":"Parents"}],"post_tag":[{"value":63,"label":"#my_body"},{"value":491,"label":"adolescence"},{"value":487,"label":"article scientifique"},{"value":490,"label":"enfance"},{"value":488,"label":"hormones"},{"value":489,"label":"hormones sexuelles"},{"value":492,"label":"pubert\u00e9"},{"value":64,"label":"r\u00e9appropriation du corps"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/heloa.app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-1517841905240-472988babdf9-8-683x1024.jpg",683,1024,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Heloa","author_link":"https:\/\/heloa.app\/fr\/author\/expert-heloa"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":724,"name":"Sant\u00e9","slug":"sante-parents","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":724,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":651,"count":36,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":724,"category_count":36,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Sant\u00e9","category_nicename":"sante-parents","category_parent":651},{"term_id":651,"name":"Parents","slug":"parents","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":651,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Apr\u00e8s l'arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un enfant, il est normal qu'en tant que parent vous vous sentiez d\u00e9pass\u00e9 : de nouvelles responsabilit\u00e9s, un manque de sommeil, les \u00e9motions qui font les montagnes russes. 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